Some studies suggest that girls who start puberty earlier are more likely to have self-image disorders, low self-esteem and an increased BMI. Eating disorders, depression and self-harming behaviour are often the result. In addition, the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes appears to be increased in this population.
A recent study (DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299433) has now investigated whether there are predictive markers that can forsee an increased cardiometabolic risk. To this end, they examined the data of over 600 women and analysed the possible connection between the time of breast development, pubic hair and menarche, and later chronic diseases of the metabolism and cardiovascular system.
Follow-up data of around 30 years was available for many of the test subjects. The study authors defined the onset of puberty as Tanner stage II for breast development and pubic hair as well as the age at menarche.
The cardiovascular and metabolic risk profile in adulthood was defined by waist circumference, blood pressure, HbA1c, CRP level and HDL level.
The study found that an earlier onset of puberty appears to be associated with an increased cardiovascular and metabolic risk in adulthood. The data show that girls whose breasts and pubic hair developed later had a statistically lower risk of later cardiovascular and metabolic diseases than those whose puberty began earlier. The same applies to later versus earlier menarche.
The study results may provide an opportunity to offer appropriate care to girls whose puberty begins earlier. General education about healthy lifestyles can also be useful here. In addition, the data provide a starting point for the development of further interventions and research on the topic.