The exact pathomechanisms behind the development of nail disorders after plaster treatment have not yet been conclusively clarified. The previous theory that RSD (reflex sympathetic dystrophy) is responsible for these symptoms is now considered outdated. Instead, researchers assume that the long-term pressure on nerves and connective tissue caused by the plaster cast could lead to the nail damage. The changes can also occur if the plaster cast is applied correctly and is not too tight. To date, there is no known special technique that can prevent nail diseases. Rather, several factors seem to interact when a plaster cast leads to accompanying symptoms.
In general, various diseases of the nail and nail bed can occur. The following disorders were described in a recent - albeit very small - study with 16 participants:
The changes to the nail structure should be treated according to the prevailing symptoms. Therapy with mupirocin or other indicated medication is often sufficient. In rare cases, removal of the nail plate may be necessary. Depending on the disease, other interventions are also possible. The therapy depends on the clinic. In the study, the prognosis of the nail diseases was very good, all healed within a few months.
A plaster cast can lead to damage to the skin, muscles and also the nail structure. The latter side effects are often overlooked, but are easily treatable. Changes to the fingernail, toenail or nail bed should therefore be taken seriously and treated accordingly.